AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/062
1 Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan, MSc Psychology, Academic Associate logotherapy.
2 MS Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
3 MBBS, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
4 PhD, University of Lingnan, Hong Kong.
*Corresponding Author: Yousaf Raza, Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Psychology, Academic Associate logotherapy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Citation: Yousaf Raza, Amna Noureen, Zarnab G. Bhatti and Haziq Mehmood (2019) Meaning In Life as a Moderator of Stress in Undergraduate Students, J. Psychology and Mental Health Care. 3(4); DOI: 10.31579/2637-8892/062
Copyright: © This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 30 November 2019 | Accepted: 20 December 2019 | Published: 23 December 2019
Keywords: precipitatin; physical illnesses; perpetuating; stress
Stress is a common predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factor of psychological and physical illnesses. Various studies have shown a beneficial role of having a meaning in life with regards to stress. There are no local studies available that have studied the correlation between the two constructs of perceived stress and meaning in life, in the Pakistani population. Therefore this study aims to determine correlation between scores of MIL scale and scores of Stress, in undergraduate students.
A total of 254 undergraduate students were selected as respondents in the study. They were assessed for perceived stress and meaning in life using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Purpose in Life Scale (PIL) respectively. It was a cross sectional study, demographic and clinical variables were collected via a Performa.
On average females scored higher (M = 2.20, SD = 0.70) than males (M = 1.78, SD = 0.52,) on perceived stress. While males scored (M = 3.57, SD = 0.55) significantly t (244) = 4.69, p <.05) higher on purpose in life questionnaire as compared to females (M = 3.21, SD = 0.69). Correlation coefficient was found to -0.52 representing a significant negative correlation between the two variables. R2 came out to be 0.27 signifying that 27 % of the variance in perceived stress is accounted by meaning in life.
There is a strong correlation between meaning in life and perceived stress. Further it was also found that female gender was more vulnerable to stress and less likely to score high on meaning in life. Conversely male gender was more likely to score higher on meaning in life and lower on perceived stress.
Stress, according to Hans Selye, has received the mixed blessing of being known too well but understood too little. Although no exact consensus exists in defining the term, it is usually understood as the brain’s response to perceived or real demands and/or challenges (stressors) (Sadock, et al., 2015). Stress is universally recognized as a pre-disposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factor for almost all psychiatric illnesses. The most elaborately studied and explicated of all mental illnesses is depression. Yanga, et al., (2015) in a review article explicated the multi-tiered relationship between stress and depressive illness. They enlist the prefrontal cortex, the ventral tegmental area, and the hippocampus as the main brain regions involved through which stress transpires depression.
Several studies (McAndrew & Warne, 2014; Bisagno, & Cadet, 2014; Yau & Potenza, 2013; Theoharides et al., 2012) have related stress with self harm, addictive behaviors, abnormal eating disorders, PTSD and Autism spectrum disorder. In the context of bipolar affective disorder, unsurprisingly, stress plays a vital role particularly in high-risk individuals with a biological predilection. Younger children of a bipolar parent when exposed to such stressors may exhibit developmental delays, anxiety, or sleep disturbances, whereas adolescents may manifest adjustment and minor mood disorders. In adulthood they may experience recurrent depressive episodes before going on to develop bipolar disorder (Duffy et al., 2016). Even in the realm of psychotic disorders in adults stress has been identified as a major player. According to a meta-analysis genetic vulnerability, compounded by early childhood adverse experiences, render the individual more susceptible to developing schizophrenia as a consequence of stressors in adulthood (the 3-Hit hypothesis) (Daskalakis & Binder, 2015)
Stress, perhaps more than any other phenomenon, reflects the dynamic relationship between the psychological and somatic dimensions of human existence. In an extensive review Purdy discussed the stress as a risk factor for multiple chronic illnesses including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases, chronic pain and gastrointestinal diseases (Purdy, 2013). In addition stress has been empirically shown to lead to decreased immunity, increased incidence of infections, and a plethora of other diseases affecting all systems of the body (Sadock et al., 2015).
Psychological importance of MIL was systematized by Viktor E. Frankl in the form of logotherapy, the third Viennese school of psychotherapy. Frankl proposed that pursuit of a MIL is the primary motivation of human beings and is therefore protective with regards to mental health, contributes positively towards psychological well-being, and is thus preventive against various psychiatric disorders. Wherever pain is inevitable due to biological or psychological illnesses, a meaningful perspective alleviates the suffering by making it more understandable and thereby tolerable (Frankl, 2014).
In the context of responding to stressful life events Crystal Park suggests a framework of meaning-making. She said that meaning in life is a core human motive derived from human need for significance, comprehension, and transcendence. Specifically the meaning-related needs include agency, control, certainty, identity, social validation, values, and mortality defense. A well-functioning meaning system results in an experience of peace and satisfaction, she contends. A poor functioning system manifests as significant distress. A positive sense of life meaning results when individuals feel they comprehend the world, their place therein, and are making adequate progress towards their goals consistent with their values (Park, 2010; Park, 2017).
Paul Halama showed that people with low levels of meaningfulness in their lives demonstrated emotion-based, avoidant, and maladaptive coping methods comprising of drug abuse, denial, and mental or behavioral disengagement as compared to people who had high levels of meaningfulness who exhibited adaptive coping (Halama, 2014). Several studies showed relationship between Meaning in life and positive psycology. In an analysis of 1,997 adolescent students in Romania, Brassai et al (2011) concluded that meaning in life has a positive impact on quality of life and psychological well-being while it decreased the incidence of drug use and sedentary life-style. Steger and Kashdan (2013) in a study showed that those with greater instability of daily meaning were found to have lower daily levels of meaning in life, and lower global levels of life satisfaction, positive affect, social connectedness and relationship satisfaction. Damasio et al (2015) showed that in those categorized under the “meaningfulness” subgroup fared better in multiple domains including self-knowledge, generativity, harmony, freedom, community, and love. Krok (2015) in a study of 187 participants showed that a presence of meaning correlated positively and significantly with psychological well-being (0.47, p<0 t=10.65;>
Strong relationship has been established between meaning in life and illnesses. Steger et al. (2009) concluded in a cross-sectional survey that there is a negative correlation between presence of meaning and depressive illness (r= -0.60, P < 0 xss=removed r=0.36, xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>
Literature search for MIL related research in Pakistan yielded scanty results. There was no study on this subject published in any indexed journal. It is to compensate for this dearth of research in Pakistan that this study is proposed. This study will set the pace for further research in this area. If the results in this study are consistent with those in international studies given above, and having a Meaning in Life is discovered to moderate perceived stress levels in the Pakistani population, then that will pave the way for researching psychotherapies oriented towards guiding patients towards meaning discovery in their lives. Furthermore interventional studies looking to employ meaning-centered psychotherapies in treatment of psychiatric illnesses may be designed.
Further, increasing awareness in general public of the importance of MIL in reducing perceived stress, and thereby preventing psychiatric illnesses, will strongly contribute towards the domain of preventive psychiatry. Since stress is a perpetuating factor in psychiatric and physical illnesses, MIL awareness will help attenuate the severity of these illnesses and decrease rates of relapses in recurrent disorders. This will help to keep pace with research and interventions in this area around the world. Since there is no parent study to draw data for calculation of minimum-required sample size, a pilot study of 30 participants was carried out. The correlation coefficient rho came out to be -0.648
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate medical students. Since there is no parent study to draw data for calculation of minimum-required sample size, a pilot study of 30 participants was carried out. The correlation coefficient rho came out to be -0.648.With the help of Statstodo Sample Size Calculator, keeping Level of significance = 5%, Confidence Interval = 95%, Correlation coefficient rho=-0.648 (calculated from the pilot study), the minimally required sample size came out to a mere 21, however we arbitrarily chose to obtain the sample of over 250 students. The sample was obtained in November 2016. Sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. Our inclusion criterion was all undergraduate medical students between the ages of 18 and 26 years. Our exclusion criteria was anyone on treatment for a diagnosed psychiatric illness.
After obtaining approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee, students were sampled. The purpose of the study was explained to each participant and written informed consent was obtained. A structured questionnaire containing demographic details (age, gender, year of study, place of residence, boarding status), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Purpose in Life Test (PIL) were then administered.
All the data was entered and analyzed in Statistical Package of Social Sciences, SPSS (version 22). The quantitative variables of the study like age, score on PSS, and score on PIL were calculated as mean and standard deviation. The qualitative variables like gender, year of study, and whether participant is a hostelite or day-scholar were calculated as frequencies and percentages.
To determine any existing correlation, Pearson’s correlation test was applied at 5% level of significance and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated along with p value (≤ 0.05 taken as significant). Effect modifiers like age, gender, year of graduation, socioeconomic status, residence, were controlled by hierarchical multiple regression; with perceived stress, study year, age, boarding status and marital status as predictors of meaning in life among medical students.
Sample demographics
The study was conducted from November, 2016 to April 2017 and the total number of study participants was 254. There were a total of 65.65
The aim of our study was to assess the influence of meaning in life in on psychological stress. Undergraduate students at the college were enrolled for the study. A rigorous statistical analysis of results went on to substantiate our hypothesis. It was found that there is a negative correlation between perceived stress and meaning in life. This correlation was statistically significant and persisted despite controlling for different variables. Female respondents scored higher on the perceived stress scale and male respondents fared better on the purpose in life scale. Additionally, more senior students were found to have lesser levels of meaning in life than junior students.
Our study was unique in the local context as similar researches on the subject could not be discovered in our population. Additionally, the more recent literature in the international studies pertained to more complex constructs of meaning in life with robust and advanced study designs; ours was relatively basic in comparison. For these reasons drawing comparisons there between would be difficult. However, similarities may still be inferred as is shown here on in.
Various studies claim that medical students undergo greater stress than non-medical students. Although this wasn’t one of our study aims, the high rates of stress shown (the mean score on PSS was 20.55 with a SD of 13.50) underscores the importance of this area of study. Saeed et al (2016) conducted a study among medical students in a Saudi university. They concluded that 33.3 % of their students were severely stressed and 30 % were well. They further concluded that female gender constituted an 11.8 times risk for being more stressed. This is comparable with our results as the female part of our population was also more likely to be score higher in the PSS (M = 2.20 compared to the males where M = 1.78.
Cavallo et al (2016) in a study of university students found that the score on PSS-10 had a mean of 32.2 (SD 4.6, 95% CL 31.6-32.7), slightly more comparable to the mean of our student sample. Their student sample also revealed a higher degree of stress of in female respondents.
Cole et al (2015) showed that Meaning in Life outplayed the effects of loneliness in predicting leukocyte gene expression profiles.
Subramaniyan et al (2014) showed that those whose meaning in life was high scored low on perceived stress in a population in Tamil Nadu. Specifically they outlined that those whose meaning corresponded to adhering to social norms, whether religious, professional, or family, scored low on stress scales (X2=3.536, p = 0.04). Although our study did not compute the individual items on the scale, the results are nevertheless consistent and comparable.
Similarly Shand et al (2015) conducted a study to see the relationship between different psychosocial factors and post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in oncology patients. They concluded that post-traumatic growth was positively correlated with spirituality (r = 0.33) and religiosity (r = 0.36). Our results are in consistency with Shand et al’s conclusion that meaning in life, via spirituality and religiosity, is associated with post-traumatic growth.
Mohbat-Bahar et al (2014) have already shown the efficacy of psychological interventions that promote meaning in life (logotherapy) in decreasing anxiety in patients of breast cancer. Prior to the intervention the mean anxiety scores of the test group were 39.33 with a SD of 5.74 and the control group had a mean of 32.20 with a SD of 8.06. Following the intervention the test group scored a mean of 13.93 with an SD of 5.15 whereas the control group showed a slight increase in their anxiety scores.
Saleem and Saleem (2017) in a local study recently published showed the positive role of religiosity in psychological well-being. They studied a sample of 120 medical and 120 non-medical students from universities in Islamabad. Although the construct we assessed was more general (religiosity is one source of MIL) and the correlation studied in their study was psychological well-being and not perceived stress. But considering the similarities in the constructs consistencies between the results may be noted.
Our study-design was cross-sectional. Meaning related constructs should be studied on a more longitudinal study design. We used non-probability sampling technique. A more representative populations sampling should be done in the future. Correlational studies can’t be used to make causal claims. More robust and sophisticated study designs should be implied to establish causal relationships. Self-reporting questionnaires were employed and therefore subjectivity and biases in responses could not be controlled for.
More refined and standardized scales and questionnaires may be used in the future. The ones employed may have had confounding variables and did not include sub-scales to assess for sub-constructs.
Stress is one of the most common problems that places serious constraints on a person’s life activities and predisposes them to many illnesses. This study found that this problem was significant in medical students sampled. More importantly this study shows that there is a strong correlation between meaning in life and perceived stress. Further it was also found that female gender was more vulnerable to stress and less likely to score high on meaning in life. Conversely male gender was more likely to score higher on meaning in life and lower on perceived stress.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of the paper.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
